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Help with Simple HTML Tags

Introduction

 HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, which is the lingua franca of the World Wide Web. Since you will be posting documents to your website, an understanding of how HTML works will be quite helpful.

This document is intended to provide an extremely brief introduction to basic text markup in HTML. To make this process as simple as possible, only the most basic tags will be listed here. There are a number of excellent guides to HTML available on the Internet - two good guides are: A Basic Set of HTML Tags and A Beginner's Guide to HTML.

Formatting text with HTML is done by applying "tags" that are interpreted by the browser to alter the appearance of a bit of text. HTML tags are enclosed between "less than" (<) and "greater than" (>) brackets. For example, the B tag will make your text appear bold. To specify which text should be displayed in bold, use the <B> and </B> tags. Text between these tags will be in bold. For example, <B>bold text</B> is shown on the screen as bold text.

Document Creation

Generally, HTML documents start with a <HTML> tag and end with </HTML>. These tags tell the browser that what is between them is text formatted in HTML.

The document header is usually found below the <HTML> tag. The header of the document contains descriptive information about your document, such as the document title and author and is surrounded by <HEAD> and </HEAD>. tag. This information is not shown in the main browser window. However, the title of the document is often displayed in the browser window's title bar.

The main text of a document is contained within the BODY tags (<BODY> and </BODY>). This text can be formatted with many different HTML tags, and they can be used to achieve the look of the page that you want. For simplicity's sake, only the most basic ones are demonstrated here.

Paragraph Returns

HTML files do not recognize carriage returns. They must be indicated by a <BR> tag. If they are not included, all text will be treated as one paragraph. If you want to include a blank line after your text, use <P> and </P> (the </P> tag is optional). <HR> will separate sections of text with a line.

Lists

 Bulleted and numbered lists can be created in HTML. A bulleted (unordered) list is enclosed by <UL> and </UL> tags, while a numbered (ordered) list uses <OL> and </OL> tags. Inside these tags, each list item is preceded by an <LI>. For example, a bulleted list would be written and viewed as:
<UL>
<LI>math
<LI>history
<LI>science
</UL> 		creates...
  • math
  • history
  • science
While a numbered list would be written and viewed as:
<OL>
<LI>math
<LI>history
<LI>science
</OL> 		creates...
  1. plant
  2. grow
  3. harvest

Headings

Heading tags (<H1>) can be used for document, chapter, or section titles. The text is larger and bolder than the standard body font. There are six levels of headings, with one being the largest. It is important to use heading tags in sequence, without skipping levels.

<H1>Heading 1</H1>

<H2>Heading 2</H2>

<H3>Heading 3</H3>

<H4>Heading 4</H4>

<H5>Heading 5</H5>
<H6>Heading 6</H6>

Text Options

Large and small font sizes are created by using the <BIG></BIG> and <SMALL></SMALL> tags.

Bold and italic can also be represented with <B></B> tags for bold text, and <I></I> tags for italics.

Special Characters

Some characters are not interpreted by the browser as you would expect. For example, greater than and less than symbols will be interpreted as tag markers. Substitutions for these characters are as follows:

EntityCode
<&lt;
>&gt;
&&amp;
"&quot;
©&copy;

Indenting Text

Text can be indented using a <BLOCKQUOTE> tag. This tag is useful for setting off paragraphs of text that have special significance (for example, a quote from a specialist in the field). A </BLOCKQUOTE> tag must be used at the end of the quoted section. The following sentence has been blockquoted:

"By the year 2000 more than 60% of enterprises worldwide will engage in electronic commerce."

Preformatting is another way to indent text. Text within <PRE> </PRE> tags will not be altered by the browser. It will appear in a monospaced Courier font.

		1950s:	Rock & Roll
		1970s:	Disco
		1990s:	Grunge

Links

 Hypertext links are a way to connect text to another document or website. Within the browser, links are identified by color and underlining. To create a link within a document, the <A> (anchor) tag is used. Within the anchor, the document you wish to link to is specified using HREF="document_filename". The text of the link is next, followed by </A>. The filename can also be a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), the address of a website. For example, a link to the Social Change Online website would look like this:

A link to the <A HREF="http://online.socialchange.net.au/">Social Change Online website</A> would look like this.
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United we bargain - Divided we beg.
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Contact the National Office, Construction Division at:
Level 12, 276 Pitt Street, Sydney, NSW 2000
Ph: 02 8524 5800
Fax: 02 8524 5801
Email: queries@fed.cfmeu.asn.au

Postal address: PO Box Q235, Queen Victoria Building Post Office, Sydney NSW 1230.

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